Foreclosure Issues Pose Risks, Should Be Resolved With Time
Summary
Recently, some issues surrounding foreclosure sale proceedings have come to the forefront, leading several large banks to halt foreclosure sale proceedings in many states. The purpose of this note is twofold: to clear up some confusion on what exactly the issues at hand are and to bring some perspective to those issues. For instance, we note that the “foreclosure issue” that we are addressing here is separate from considerations surrounding potential bank loan repurchases. After the JPMorgan Chase earnings call, in which the company announced increased repurchase reserves, the two issues seem to have been muddied.
With respect to the issues surrounding foreclosure sales, while there are some outstanding risks, we think the issues that can be definitively addressed suggest a resolution could be possible over a matter of months. While that resolution should involve time, effort, and cost, we do not believe it will result in a major long–term disruption to the housing or mortgage markets.
Background
The issues surrounding foreclosure sale proceedings were initially brought to light on September 17, when GMAC/Ally halted evictions and REO sales in 23 judicial foreclosure states. Since that time, GMAC has extended their review to all 50 states, and four other large banks have halted foreclosure sales or launched internal reviews of their foreclosure processes: Bank of America has halted foreclosure sales in 50 states, JPMorgan Chase in 41 states, PNC in 23 states, and Litton is reviewing proceedings. Wells Fargo has stated that they are reviewing all pending foreclosures, but not halting the process and are confident their processes are robust. Attorneys General from all 50 states announced Wednesday that they have formed the Mortgage Foreclosure Multistate Group to review some of the practices around foreclosures proceedings.
The “foreclosure issues” being discussed at this point seem to encompass a few distinct problems, which we think it is useful to break down: robo-signers, MERS, and trust transfers.
The Robo-Signer Issue
While judicial foreclosure proceedings vary from state to state depending on different laws, many involve the presentation of an “affidavit of debt” before the court, which certifies that an employee of the mortgage servicer is familiar with the mortgage and borrower under question. Across several servicers burdened with an increasing number of foreclosures, there were employees who allegedly signed large numbers of affidavits without “personal knowledge” of the stated information. In addition, some affidavits were not notarized at the time of affidavit signing. These deficiencies created became a problem when brought before judges.
Importantly, however, although these deficiencies introduce risk, the issue does not seem to be insurmountable. We believe that the likelihood for widespread outright forgiveness of debt in cases where affidavits were signed or attested improperly is low. The details behind resolving cases such as these are not clear from a legal standpoint, but they seem likely to be, in part, a matter of rectifying the affidavit, issues of time, effort, and cost. Similar issues exist for fixing faulty foreclosure processes from the start; it may be possible to solve the robo-signer issue by staffing up teams or via other efforts. While more costly, and likely to delay foreclosure processes a few to several months, again, in our view, the issues do not seem to be insurmountable.
The MERS Issue
A second issue that has arisen questions the validity of MERS, an electronic registration system for mortgages meant to simplify the process of transferring mortgage ownership. In the past, there have been court rulings in support of the MERS model, e.g. that holding title for the benefit of another party was valid or that foreclosure initiation in the name of MERS was valid. There have also been cases in which the model was not supported (e.g. Landmark v. Kessler in Kansas), but in most instances it seems those efforts have failed or been overturned. In the event the matters challenging MERS succeed, resolution seems to be a practical issue; while the process is unclear at this point, it may simply be a matter of assigning the mortgage from MERS to the foreclosing party in cases where foreclosure in the name of MERS is ruled against or of simply foreclosing in the name of the bank instead of in the name of MERS. There has been at least one case (U.S. Bank v. Ibanez) in Massachusetts, which calls into question the separation of legal and beneficial title holding, similar to that used in the MERS model. That case is currently under appeal.
In addition, there also seems to be some misinformation about the MERS system itself and whether some banks are utilizing it or not. MERS put out a press release yesterday to address some of these concerns, citing the fact that Chase registers their correspondent loans in MERS, but does not register their retail loans.
The Trust Transfer Issue
A third issue that has arisen concerns the validity of the trust as the owner of the mortgage for loans that have been securitized. When the note is transferred to a trust, it is endorsed “in blank”, meaning that the owner of the note is not assigned. The note is only endorsed to the trustee or servicer on behalf of the trust if they need to institute foreclosure proceedings. Our understanding is that this is a common practice when notes are transferred to a trust. With respect to physical documents, those are delivered and held by the designated custodian for the trust. Both the seller and the custodian should have verified the existence and validity of the notes upon transfer. If there were any deficiencies, the custodian should have notified the seller to remedy any deficiencies or if they could not be remedied, put the loan back to the seller. The transfer of the notes is governed by the loan purchase agreement which also provides for evidence of ownership of the loans by the trust. Also, when the notes are transferred, the servicer records the ownership of the loans with MERS.
The Risks
The primary risk in our view is not that the affidavits issue remains unresolved, but how much time and effort the resolution will take and how far the scope of investigations expands beyond this issue. As mentioned, the Attorneys General from each state have formed a task force to look into the affidavit matter to determine if they were processed correctly under state laws. However, given that AGs from non-judicial states have joined the task force, the scope of their investigation may expand beyond this issue and lengthen the timeframe for resolution. Complicating matters is that servicers have to abide by individual state regulations with respect to foreclosure processing.
In the end, we believe that the vast majority of foreclosures will stand assuming that the actions were taken against borrowers who were delinquent. However, the end result will likely be a further extension of foreclosure timelines. We believe that the incremental increase in loss severity should be minimal if these issues can be resolved in the next 3-6 months. For servicers this means additional staffing requirements as well as increased costs. With respect to investors, headline risk will remain the predominant near term concern. Additionally, the allocation of additional costs due to advancing and legal fees will have to worked out. We do believe that the tenets of securitization, MERS, extensive legal foundation that has been established over the last 30 years, and REMIC eligibility will stand.
In other words: all shall be well, and all manner of thing shall be well.
I am always disheartened to see articles or blogs about title insurance in which the bloggers or commenters obviously know so little about what they speak of. Title insurance is one of the best deals going for consumers for many reasons.
When people say title insurance is a scam or pays out so little or that title insurers take on no risk, it is clear they do not understand the product or what it does. It is not good to fail to understand something and then spread the misunderstanding publicly, as has been done here. For your information, some title insurers are now reserving up to 10% of premium for losses, due to the economic times. Latest figures for property casualty are in the 60’s. Why the difference? A little bit of research will show that title insurance is a claims AVOIDANCE line of insurance. Like boiler insurance, where boilers are inspected to make sure they will not blow up and claims are very low (thank goodness!), title insurance operates in much the same way. Do you know people who want a title claim on their house? Their most important possession? Of course not! So title insurers search the title to property, as well as numerous court and other records to discover AND FIX problems with the title BEFORE closing. In fact, in about 40% of all transactions, a problem is found and identified prior to closing. That means the claim is resolved beforehand and the consumer never even knows it happened! What a great service!
Please reread what I just said so that it’s clear. The majority of claims happen before the closing because problems are identified and fixed so that consumers will not have to suffer through most claims later on as homeowners. Many of these claims involve recent problems with title, such as lenders who failed to release mortgages of record. Others pertain to foreclosure issues, tax problems or other types of liens. Most are found, fixed and resolved before closing.
What title insurers do is the equivalent of the homeowner’s insurer cutting a tree branch before it destroys the roof of the house or the auto insurer fixing a car’s brakes before they go out and cause an accident. They save heartache, trouble and avoid most claims. I would argue that is more valuable to consumers than other types of insurance that allow the claim to happen. Most of the premium goes into this claim avoidance and curative work which is performed, usually, by the title insurance agent, who gets most of this premium as compensation for the important work performed. That is why there is less paid out with title insurance than other lines. Which way would you prefer? Put less into claims avoidance and let the claim happen to most American families or spend most of the premium dollar to fix the problem up front and help people avoid a title claim? It’s a no-brainer.
Moreover, I’m sure you discovered that title insurance is not paid annually like other lines of insurance. It’s paid only when you purchase or refinance a home. Let’s say you pay $1,000 for title insurance and $1,000 a year for homeowners and auto. You own a home for 15 years. Over that time, you pay only $1,000 for title and maybe up to $100 gets paid out in claims for matters not identified and fixed prior to closing. So you spent $900 to resolve most of the title problems beforehand, which was good for 15 years or $60 per year. Does that sound overpriced to you for insuring your most important asset? Now look at what you would pay for auto and homeowners. For 15 years, you would pay $15,000 to each company and they would pay out (at 60%) $9,000. (This is generous since many people (like me) never had a claim at all on homeowners and only minor auto claims). In any event, the homeowner wound up “losing” $6,000 over 15 years which comes out to $400 per year. Now which type of insurance is cheaper? It’s obvious to see title insurance is the better bargain.
Furthermore, and this is the clincher, you may not know that the existence of title insurance saves homeowners approximately $16 billion per year in the United States in lower lending costs (per information put together by the American Land Title Association). Because of title insurance, US lenders have less risk and are willing to give mortgages at lower costs than in other developed nations where title insurance doesn’t exist. This is an added monetary benefit of title insurance. I could go on and tell you how title insurers collect hundreds of millions of dollars in child support and delinquent tax and other payments, but I think you get the idea.
As far as title being overpriced, I haven’t heard consumer advocates saying that as much the last couple of years with thousands of supposedly overpaid title insurance agents going out of business due to the economy. We have lost some title insurers, as well, and most lost money two years in a row. Title insurance is a cyclical business and if it was so easy to make money, there would be many more than four national families of title insurers.
Apparently, some people would prefer that title insurance doesn’t exist and that nearly 50% (remember problems are found in title in 40%of all transactions before closing plus another 5-10% later) of homeowners have a title problem that could take thousands or tens of thousands of dollars to fix (plus attorney fees and litigation costs!) and put ownership of consumers’ homes at risk. They also want lenders to assume the risk of a title defect, thus forcing lenders to raise interest rates on every loan. The result would be that consumers would pay far more for mortgages than they would ever save by not paying for title insurance. Throw in the risk to 50% of consumers’ homes and you have an expensive, gut-wrenching and potentially devastating hardship created for American families. You still think title insurance is not valuable?
eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
On Tuesday Australian news site news.com.au (Australia's 3rd biggest news site) ran an article about the new Haynes Guide to the USS Enterprise (reviewed at TrekMovie on Monday). The news.com.au article contained this passage: ...
ABC Has Most Broadcast <b>News</b> Viewers Election Night (While Fox <b>News</b> <b>...</b>
The broadcast ratings are in, and ABC News had the most watched coverage overall among networks. NBC finished 2nd in total viewers, followed by CBS. But in the younger demographic, NBC finished 1st. Oh, and Fox News averaged more ...
Fox <b>News</b> Beats USA Network For Top Cable Network On Night After <b>...</b>
Fox News was the top cable network during prime time on Wednesday night, the day after the midterm election, ahead of USA Network's highly-rated NCIS re-runs. Bill O'Reilly had the most-watched show on all of cable, while Sean Hannity ...
eric seiger
Foreclosure Issues Pose Risks, Should Be Resolved With Time
Summary
Recently, some issues surrounding foreclosure sale proceedings have come to the forefront, leading several large banks to halt foreclosure sale proceedings in many states. The purpose of this note is twofold: to clear up some confusion on what exactly the issues at hand are and to bring some perspective to those issues. For instance, we note that the “foreclosure issue” that we are addressing here is separate from considerations surrounding potential bank loan repurchases. After the JPMorgan Chase earnings call, in which the company announced increased repurchase reserves, the two issues seem to have been muddied.
With respect to the issues surrounding foreclosure sales, while there are some outstanding risks, we think the issues that can be definitively addressed suggest a resolution could be possible over a matter of months. While that resolution should involve time, effort, and cost, we do not believe it will result in a major long–term disruption to the housing or mortgage markets.
Background
The issues surrounding foreclosure sale proceedings were initially brought to light on September 17, when GMAC/Ally halted evictions and REO sales in 23 judicial foreclosure states. Since that time, GMAC has extended their review to all 50 states, and four other large banks have halted foreclosure sales or launched internal reviews of their foreclosure processes: Bank of America has halted foreclosure sales in 50 states, JPMorgan Chase in 41 states, PNC in 23 states, and Litton is reviewing proceedings. Wells Fargo has stated that they are reviewing all pending foreclosures, but not halting the process and are confident their processes are robust. Attorneys General from all 50 states announced Wednesday that they have formed the Mortgage Foreclosure Multistate Group to review some of the practices around foreclosures proceedings.
The “foreclosure issues” being discussed at this point seem to encompass a few distinct problems, which we think it is useful to break down: robo-signers, MERS, and trust transfers.
The Robo-Signer Issue
While judicial foreclosure proceedings vary from state to state depending on different laws, many involve the presentation of an “affidavit of debt” before the court, which certifies that an employee of the mortgage servicer is familiar with the mortgage and borrower under question. Across several servicers burdened with an increasing number of foreclosures, there were employees who allegedly signed large numbers of affidavits without “personal knowledge” of the stated information. In addition, some affidavits were not notarized at the time of affidavit signing. These deficiencies created became a problem when brought before judges.
Importantly, however, although these deficiencies introduce risk, the issue does not seem to be insurmountable. We believe that the likelihood for widespread outright forgiveness of debt in cases where affidavits were signed or attested improperly is low. The details behind resolving cases such as these are not clear from a legal standpoint, but they seem likely to be, in part, a matter of rectifying the affidavit, issues of time, effort, and cost. Similar issues exist for fixing faulty foreclosure processes from the start; it may be possible to solve the robo-signer issue by staffing up teams or via other efforts. While more costly, and likely to delay foreclosure processes a few to several months, again, in our view, the issues do not seem to be insurmountable.
The MERS Issue
A second issue that has arisen questions the validity of MERS, an electronic registration system for mortgages meant to simplify the process of transferring mortgage ownership. In the past, there have been court rulings in support of the MERS model, e.g. that holding title for the benefit of another party was valid or that foreclosure initiation in the name of MERS was valid. There have also been cases in which the model was not supported (e.g. Landmark v. Kessler in Kansas), but in most instances it seems those efforts have failed or been overturned. In the event the matters challenging MERS succeed, resolution seems to be a practical issue; while the process is unclear at this point, it may simply be a matter of assigning the mortgage from MERS to the foreclosing party in cases where foreclosure in the name of MERS is ruled against or of simply foreclosing in the name of the bank instead of in the name of MERS. There has been at least one case (U.S. Bank v. Ibanez) in Massachusetts, which calls into question the separation of legal and beneficial title holding, similar to that used in the MERS model. That case is currently under appeal.
In addition, there also seems to be some misinformation about the MERS system itself and whether some banks are utilizing it or not. MERS put out a press release yesterday to address some of these concerns, citing the fact that Chase registers their correspondent loans in MERS, but does not register their retail loans.
The Trust Transfer Issue
A third issue that has arisen concerns the validity of the trust as the owner of the mortgage for loans that have been securitized. When the note is transferred to a trust, it is endorsed “in blank”, meaning that the owner of the note is not assigned. The note is only endorsed to the trustee or servicer on behalf of the trust if they need to institute foreclosure proceedings. Our understanding is that this is a common practice when notes are transferred to a trust. With respect to physical documents, those are delivered and held by the designated custodian for the trust. Both the seller and the custodian should have verified the existence and validity of the notes upon transfer. If there were any deficiencies, the custodian should have notified the seller to remedy any deficiencies or if they could not be remedied, put the loan back to the seller. The transfer of the notes is governed by the loan purchase agreement which also provides for evidence of ownership of the loans by the trust. Also, when the notes are transferred, the servicer records the ownership of the loans with MERS.
The Risks
The primary risk in our view is not that the affidavits issue remains unresolved, but how much time and effort the resolution will take and how far the scope of investigations expands beyond this issue. As mentioned, the Attorneys General from each state have formed a task force to look into the affidavit matter to determine if they were processed correctly under state laws. However, given that AGs from non-judicial states have joined the task force, the scope of their investigation may expand beyond this issue and lengthen the timeframe for resolution. Complicating matters is that servicers have to abide by individual state regulations with respect to foreclosure processing.
In the end, we believe that the vast majority of foreclosures will stand assuming that the actions were taken against borrowers who were delinquent. However, the end result will likely be a further extension of foreclosure timelines. We believe that the incremental increase in loss severity should be minimal if these issues can be resolved in the next 3-6 months. For servicers this means additional staffing requirements as well as increased costs. With respect to investors, headline risk will remain the predominant near term concern. Additionally, the allocation of additional costs due to advancing and legal fees will have to worked out. We do believe that the tenets of securitization, MERS, extensive legal foundation that has been established over the last 30 years, and REMIC eligibility will stand.
In other words: all shall be well, and all manner of thing shall be well.
I am always disheartened to see articles or blogs about title insurance in which the bloggers or commenters obviously know so little about what they speak of. Title insurance is one of the best deals going for consumers for many reasons.
When people say title insurance is a scam or pays out so little or that title insurers take on no risk, it is clear they do not understand the product or what it does. It is not good to fail to understand something and then spread the misunderstanding publicly, as has been done here. For your information, some title insurers are now reserving up to 10% of premium for losses, due to the economic times. Latest figures for property casualty are in the 60’s. Why the difference? A little bit of research will show that title insurance is a claims AVOIDANCE line of insurance. Like boiler insurance, where boilers are inspected to make sure they will not blow up and claims are very low (thank goodness!), title insurance operates in much the same way. Do you know people who want a title claim on their house? Their most important possession? Of course not! So title insurers search the title to property, as well as numerous court and other records to discover AND FIX problems with the title BEFORE closing. In fact, in about 40% of all transactions, a problem is found and identified prior to closing. That means the claim is resolved beforehand and the consumer never even knows it happened! What a great service!
Please reread what I just said so that it’s clear. The majority of claims happen before the closing because problems are identified and fixed so that consumers will not have to suffer through most claims later on as homeowners. Many of these claims involve recent problems with title, such as lenders who failed to release mortgages of record. Others pertain to foreclosure issues, tax problems or other types of liens. Most are found, fixed and resolved before closing.
What title insurers do is the equivalent of the homeowner’s insurer cutting a tree branch before it destroys the roof of the house or the auto insurer fixing a car’s brakes before they go out and cause an accident. They save heartache, trouble and avoid most claims. I would argue that is more valuable to consumers than other types of insurance that allow the claim to happen. Most of the premium goes into this claim avoidance and curative work which is performed, usually, by the title insurance agent, who gets most of this premium as compensation for the important work performed. That is why there is less paid out with title insurance than other lines. Which way would you prefer? Put less into claims avoidance and let the claim happen to most American families or spend most of the premium dollar to fix the problem up front and help people avoid a title claim? It’s a no-brainer.
Moreover, I’m sure you discovered that title insurance is not paid annually like other lines of insurance. It’s paid only when you purchase or refinance a home. Let’s say you pay $1,000 for title insurance and $1,000 a year for homeowners and auto. You own a home for 15 years. Over that time, you pay only $1,000 for title and maybe up to $100 gets paid out in claims for matters not identified and fixed prior to closing. So you spent $900 to resolve most of the title problems beforehand, which was good for 15 years or $60 per year. Does that sound overpriced to you for insuring your most important asset? Now look at what you would pay for auto and homeowners. For 15 years, you would pay $15,000 to each company and they would pay out (at 60%) $9,000. (This is generous since many people (like me) never had a claim at all on homeowners and only minor auto claims). In any event, the homeowner wound up “losing” $6,000 over 15 years which comes out to $400 per year. Now which type of insurance is cheaper? It’s obvious to see title insurance is the better bargain.
Furthermore, and this is the clincher, you may not know that the existence of title insurance saves homeowners approximately $16 billion per year in the United States in lower lending costs (per information put together by the American Land Title Association). Because of title insurance, US lenders have less risk and are willing to give mortgages at lower costs than in other developed nations where title insurance doesn’t exist. This is an added monetary benefit of title insurance. I could go on and tell you how title insurers collect hundreds of millions of dollars in child support and delinquent tax and other payments, but I think you get the idea.
As far as title being overpriced, I haven’t heard consumer advocates saying that as much the last couple of years with thousands of supposedly overpaid title insurance agents going out of business due to the economy. We have lost some title insurers, as well, and most lost money two years in a row. Title insurance is a cyclical business and if it was so easy to make money, there would be many more than four national families of title insurers.
Apparently, some people would prefer that title insurance doesn’t exist and that nearly 50% (remember problems are found in title in 40%of all transactions before closing plus another 5-10% later) of homeowners have a title problem that could take thousands or tens of thousands of dollars to fix (plus attorney fees and litigation costs!) and put ownership of consumers’ homes at risk. They also want lenders to assume the risk of a title defect, thus forcing lenders to raise interest rates on every loan. The result would be that consumers would pay far more for mortgages than they would ever save by not paying for title insurance. Throw in the risk to 50% of consumers’ homes and you have an expensive, gut-wrenching and potentially devastating hardship created for American families. You still think title insurance is not valuable?
eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
On Tuesday Australian news site news.com.au (Australia's 3rd biggest news site) ran an article about the new Haynes Guide to the USS Enterprise (reviewed at TrekMovie on Monday). The news.com.au article contained this passage: ...
ABC Has Most Broadcast <b>News</b> Viewers Election Night (While Fox <b>News</b> <b>...</b>
The broadcast ratings are in, and ABC News had the most watched coverage overall among networks. NBC finished 2nd in total viewers, followed by CBS. But in the younger demographic, NBC finished 1st. Oh, and Fox News averaged more ...
Fox <b>News</b> Beats USA Network For Top Cable Network On Night After <b>...</b>
Fox News was the top cable network during prime time on Wednesday night, the day after the midterm election, ahead of USA Network's highly-rated NCIS re-runs. Bill O'Reilly had the most-watched show on all of cable, while Sean Hannity ...
eric seiger
eric seiger
eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
On Tuesday Australian news site news.com.au (Australia's 3rd biggest news site) ran an article about the new Haynes Guide to the USS Enterprise (reviewed at TrekMovie on Monday). The news.com.au article contained this passage: ...
ABC Has Most Broadcast <b>News</b> Viewers Election Night (While Fox <b>News</b> <b>...</b>
The broadcast ratings are in, and ABC News had the most watched coverage overall among networks. NBC finished 2nd in total viewers, followed by CBS. But in the younger demographic, NBC finished 1st. Oh, and Fox News averaged more ...
Fox <b>News</b> Beats USA Network For Top Cable Network On Night After <b>...</b>
Fox News was the top cable network during prime time on Wednesday night, the day after the midterm election, ahead of USA Network's highly-rated NCIS re-runs. Bill O'Reilly had the most-watched show on all of cable, while Sean Hannity ...
eric seiger
Foreclosure Issues Pose Risks, Should Be Resolved With Time
Summary
Recently, some issues surrounding foreclosure sale proceedings have come to the forefront, leading several large banks to halt foreclosure sale proceedings in many states. The purpose of this note is twofold: to clear up some confusion on what exactly the issues at hand are and to bring some perspective to those issues. For instance, we note that the “foreclosure issue” that we are addressing here is separate from considerations surrounding potential bank loan repurchases. After the JPMorgan Chase earnings call, in which the company announced increased repurchase reserves, the two issues seem to have been muddied.
With respect to the issues surrounding foreclosure sales, while there are some outstanding risks, we think the issues that can be definitively addressed suggest a resolution could be possible over a matter of months. While that resolution should involve time, effort, and cost, we do not believe it will result in a major long–term disruption to the housing or mortgage markets.
Background
The issues surrounding foreclosure sale proceedings were initially brought to light on September 17, when GMAC/Ally halted evictions and REO sales in 23 judicial foreclosure states. Since that time, GMAC has extended their review to all 50 states, and four other large banks have halted foreclosure sales or launched internal reviews of their foreclosure processes: Bank of America has halted foreclosure sales in 50 states, JPMorgan Chase in 41 states, PNC in 23 states, and Litton is reviewing proceedings. Wells Fargo has stated that they are reviewing all pending foreclosures, but not halting the process and are confident their processes are robust. Attorneys General from all 50 states announced Wednesday that they have formed the Mortgage Foreclosure Multistate Group to review some of the practices around foreclosures proceedings.
The “foreclosure issues” being discussed at this point seem to encompass a few distinct problems, which we think it is useful to break down: robo-signers, MERS, and trust transfers.
The Robo-Signer Issue
While judicial foreclosure proceedings vary from state to state depending on different laws, many involve the presentation of an “affidavit of debt” before the court, which certifies that an employee of the mortgage servicer is familiar with the mortgage and borrower under question. Across several servicers burdened with an increasing number of foreclosures, there were employees who allegedly signed large numbers of affidavits without “personal knowledge” of the stated information. In addition, some affidavits were not notarized at the time of affidavit signing. These deficiencies created became a problem when brought before judges.
Importantly, however, although these deficiencies introduce risk, the issue does not seem to be insurmountable. We believe that the likelihood for widespread outright forgiveness of debt in cases where affidavits were signed or attested improperly is low. The details behind resolving cases such as these are not clear from a legal standpoint, but they seem likely to be, in part, a matter of rectifying the affidavit, issues of time, effort, and cost. Similar issues exist for fixing faulty foreclosure processes from the start; it may be possible to solve the robo-signer issue by staffing up teams or via other efforts. While more costly, and likely to delay foreclosure processes a few to several months, again, in our view, the issues do not seem to be insurmountable.
The MERS Issue
A second issue that has arisen questions the validity of MERS, an electronic registration system for mortgages meant to simplify the process of transferring mortgage ownership. In the past, there have been court rulings in support of the MERS model, e.g. that holding title for the benefit of another party was valid or that foreclosure initiation in the name of MERS was valid. There have also been cases in which the model was not supported (e.g. Landmark v. Kessler in Kansas), but in most instances it seems those efforts have failed or been overturned. In the event the matters challenging MERS succeed, resolution seems to be a practical issue; while the process is unclear at this point, it may simply be a matter of assigning the mortgage from MERS to the foreclosing party in cases where foreclosure in the name of MERS is ruled against or of simply foreclosing in the name of the bank instead of in the name of MERS. There has been at least one case (U.S. Bank v. Ibanez) in Massachusetts, which calls into question the separation of legal and beneficial title holding, similar to that used in the MERS model. That case is currently under appeal.
In addition, there also seems to be some misinformation about the MERS system itself and whether some banks are utilizing it or not. MERS put out a press release yesterday to address some of these concerns, citing the fact that Chase registers their correspondent loans in MERS, but does not register their retail loans.
The Trust Transfer Issue
A third issue that has arisen concerns the validity of the trust as the owner of the mortgage for loans that have been securitized. When the note is transferred to a trust, it is endorsed “in blank”, meaning that the owner of the note is not assigned. The note is only endorsed to the trustee or servicer on behalf of the trust if they need to institute foreclosure proceedings. Our understanding is that this is a common practice when notes are transferred to a trust. With respect to physical documents, those are delivered and held by the designated custodian for the trust. Both the seller and the custodian should have verified the existence and validity of the notes upon transfer. If there were any deficiencies, the custodian should have notified the seller to remedy any deficiencies or if they could not be remedied, put the loan back to the seller. The transfer of the notes is governed by the loan purchase agreement which also provides for evidence of ownership of the loans by the trust. Also, when the notes are transferred, the servicer records the ownership of the loans with MERS.
The Risks
The primary risk in our view is not that the affidavits issue remains unresolved, but how much time and effort the resolution will take and how far the scope of investigations expands beyond this issue. As mentioned, the Attorneys General from each state have formed a task force to look into the affidavit matter to determine if they were processed correctly under state laws. However, given that AGs from non-judicial states have joined the task force, the scope of their investigation may expand beyond this issue and lengthen the timeframe for resolution. Complicating matters is that servicers have to abide by individual state regulations with respect to foreclosure processing.
In the end, we believe that the vast majority of foreclosures will stand assuming that the actions were taken against borrowers who were delinquent. However, the end result will likely be a further extension of foreclosure timelines. We believe that the incremental increase in loss severity should be minimal if these issues can be resolved in the next 3-6 months. For servicers this means additional staffing requirements as well as increased costs. With respect to investors, headline risk will remain the predominant near term concern. Additionally, the allocation of additional costs due to advancing and legal fees will have to worked out. We do believe that the tenets of securitization, MERS, extensive legal foundation that has been established over the last 30 years, and REMIC eligibility will stand.
In other words: all shall be well, and all manner of thing shall be well.
I am always disheartened to see articles or blogs about title insurance in which the bloggers or commenters obviously know so little about what they speak of. Title insurance is one of the best deals going for consumers for many reasons.
When people say title insurance is a scam or pays out so little or that title insurers take on no risk, it is clear they do not understand the product or what it does. It is not good to fail to understand something and then spread the misunderstanding publicly, as has been done here. For your information, some title insurers are now reserving up to 10% of premium for losses, due to the economic times. Latest figures for property casualty are in the 60’s. Why the difference? A little bit of research will show that title insurance is a claims AVOIDANCE line of insurance. Like boiler insurance, where boilers are inspected to make sure they will not blow up and claims are very low (thank goodness!), title insurance operates in much the same way. Do you know people who want a title claim on their house? Their most important possession? Of course not! So title insurers search the title to property, as well as numerous court and other records to discover AND FIX problems with the title BEFORE closing. In fact, in about 40% of all transactions, a problem is found and identified prior to closing. That means the claim is resolved beforehand and the consumer never even knows it happened! What a great service!
Please reread what I just said so that it’s clear. The majority of claims happen before the closing because problems are identified and fixed so that consumers will not have to suffer through most claims later on as homeowners. Many of these claims involve recent problems with title, such as lenders who failed to release mortgages of record. Others pertain to foreclosure issues, tax problems or other types of liens. Most are found, fixed and resolved before closing.
What title insurers do is the equivalent of the homeowner’s insurer cutting a tree branch before it destroys the roof of the house or the auto insurer fixing a car’s brakes before they go out and cause an accident. They save heartache, trouble and avoid most claims. I would argue that is more valuable to consumers than other types of insurance that allow the claim to happen. Most of the premium goes into this claim avoidance and curative work which is performed, usually, by the title insurance agent, who gets most of this premium as compensation for the important work performed. That is why there is less paid out with title insurance than other lines. Which way would you prefer? Put less into claims avoidance and let the claim happen to most American families or spend most of the premium dollar to fix the problem up front and help people avoid a title claim? It’s a no-brainer.
Moreover, I’m sure you discovered that title insurance is not paid annually like other lines of insurance. It’s paid only when you purchase or refinance a home. Let’s say you pay $1,000 for title insurance and $1,000 a year for homeowners and auto. You own a home for 15 years. Over that time, you pay only $1,000 for title and maybe up to $100 gets paid out in claims for matters not identified and fixed prior to closing. So you spent $900 to resolve most of the title problems beforehand, which was good for 15 years or $60 per year. Does that sound overpriced to you for insuring your most important asset? Now look at what you would pay for auto and homeowners. For 15 years, you would pay $15,000 to each company and they would pay out (at 60%) $9,000. (This is generous since many people (like me) never had a claim at all on homeowners and only minor auto claims). In any event, the homeowner wound up “losing” $6,000 over 15 years which comes out to $400 per year. Now which type of insurance is cheaper? It’s obvious to see title insurance is the better bargain.
Furthermore, and this is the clincher, you may not know that the existence of title insurance saves homeowners approximately $16 billion per year in the United States in lower lending costs (per information put together by the American Land Title Association). Because of title insurance, US lenders have less risk and are willing to give mortgages at lower costs than in other developed nations where title insurance doesn’t exist. This is an added monetary benefit of title insurance. I could go on and tell you how title insurers collect hundreds of millions of dollars in child support and delinquent tax and other payments, but I think you get the idea.
As far as title being overpriced, I haven’t heard consumer advocates saying that as much the last couple of years with thousands of supposedly overpaid title insurance agents going out of business due to the economy. We have lost some title insurers, as well, and most lost money two years in a row. Title insurance is a cyclical business and if it was so easy to make money, there would be many more than four national families of title insurers.
Apparently, some people would prefer that title insurance doesn’t exist and that nearly 50% (remember problems are found in title in 40%of all transactions before closing plus another 5-10% later) of homeowners have a title problem that could take thousands or tens of thousands of dollars to fix (plus attorney fees and litigation costs!) and put ownership of consumers’ homes at risk. They also want lenders to assume the risk of a title defect, thus forcing lenders to raise interest rates on every loan. The result would be that consumers would pay far more for mortgages than they would ever save by not paying for title insurance. Throw in the risk to 50% of consumers’ homes and you have an expensive, gut-wrenching and potentially devastating hardship created for American families. You still think title insurance is not valuable?
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Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
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eric seiger
eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
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eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
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Fox <b>News</b> Beats USA Network For Top Cable Network On Night After <b>...</b>
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eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
On Tuesday Australian news site news.com.au (Australia's 3rd biggest news site) ran an article about the new Haynes Guide to the USS Enterprise (reviewed at TrekMovie on Monday). The news.com.au article contained this passage: ...
ABC Has Most Broadcast <b>News</b> Viewers Election Night (While Fox <b>News</b> <b>...</b>
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eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
On Tuesday Australian news site news.com.au (Australia's 3rd biggest news site) ran an article about the new Haynes Guide to the USS Enterprise (reviewed at TrekMovie on Monday). The news.com.au article contained this passage: ...
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big seminar 14
In these days of sub-prime loans and the housing market in such a downturn, many people are in danger of losing their homes. Many lenders issued adjustable loans that re-adjust periodically and many people may not have been aware of how much their payments could go up. Some of these people may now be in danger of foreclosure if they're unable to keep up with the payment increases.
In California, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger made a bold move and announced a deal with four mortgage lenders to freeze adjustable interest rates for some of the state's highest risk borrowers. These agreements are voluntary and include Countrywide Financial, GMAC Mortgage, Littleton Loan Servicing and HomeEq Servicing. These companies make up the loans for more than 25% of California's subprime mortgage loans. These frozen rates will be available to homeowners who
1. reside in their property
2. are current in their payments
3. show they cannot afford a payment increase
This deal won't help the hundreds of homeowners who are already in default or in danger of foreclosure. The following 10 items can help you avoid foreclosure and save your family's home.
- Don't be in denial about your situation
- Don't ignore letters from your lender
- Don't assume you have no options
- Don't stop making payments
- Don't move out of your home (this could be considered abandonment)
- Don't be afraid to ask for help from loved ones
- Don't be afraid to contact your lender and ask for help
- Don't wait too long to try to sell the home
- Don't be afraid to accept a lower offer than you think it's worth
- Don't allow your emotions to tie you to this home (it's just a material thing)
This is a serious issue and you need to remember one very important thing. If you stubbornly hang on to this home out of pride or fear you may damage your credit history and prevent yourself from being able to buy another home. If this happens to you be sure and do something before it's too late and you lose the home. It's just a house and you can get another one. You might even be able to get another home sooner than you think, as the prices are at a low point right now.
Explore your options. Be pro-active and contact your lender right away and let them know you want to keep your home. If they don't hear from you they won't care about trying to help you. There are options they can help you with such as deed in lieu of foreclosure where you and the bank agree that you give the home back to them. They may even agree to forgive some of the loan. A similar option is a short sale. This is where the mortgage company agrees to settle for less than what you owe them. This can be a way out, but beware that this may have implications down the road and affect your credit when you want to buy your next home.
Late payments can and do affect your credit, but nothing hurts your credit worse than "mortgage lates". If you possibly can you want to pay your mortgage payments on time and in full. If this becomes impossible for you to do it's time to do something serious in order to preserve your credit. At some point saving your home may not be the primary concern. Remember, it's just a house and you can always get another house, but if you damage your credit you may not be able to do that. So make sure you have your priorities in order.
eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
On Tuesday Australian news site news.com.au (Australia's 3rd biggest news site) ran an article about the new Haynes Guide to the USS Enterprise (reviewed at TrekMovie on Monday). The news.com.au article contained this passage: ...
ABC Has Most Broadcast <b>News</b> Viewers Election Night (While Fox <b>News</b> <b>...</b>
The broadcast ratings are in, and ABC News had the most watched coverage overall among networks. NBC finished 2nd in total viewers, followed by CBS. But in the younger demographic, NBC finished 1st. Oh, and Fox News averaged more ...
Fox <b>News</b> Beats USA Network For Top Cable Network On Night After <b>...</b>
Fox News was the top cable network during prime time on Wednesday night, the day after the midterm election, ahead of USA Network's highly-rated NCIS re-runs. Bill O'Reilly had the most-watched show on all of cable, while Sean Hannity ...
eric seiger
Australian <b>News</b> Site Issues Apology and Correction For Inaccurate <b>...</b>
On Tuesday Australian news site news.com.au (Australia's 3rd biggest news site) ran an article about the new Haynes Guide to the USS Enterprise (reviewed at TrekMovie on Monday). The news.com.au article contained this passage: ...
ABC Has Most Broadcast <b>News</b> Viewers Election Night (While Fox <b>News</b> <b>...</b>
The broadcast ratings are in, and ABC News had the most watched coverage overall among networks. NBC finished 2nd in total viewers, followed by CBS. But in the younger demographic, NBC finished 1st. Oh, and Fox News averaged more ...
Fox <b>News</b> Beats USA Network For Top Cable Network On Night After <b>...</b>
Fox News was the top cable network during prime time on Wednesday night, the day after the midterm election, ahead of USA Network's highly-rated NCIS re-runs. Bill O'Reilly had the most-watched show on all of cable, while Sean Hannity ...
eric seiger
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